You've already seen how a Rook can get CHECKMATE with the help of a King. Put the Black King on the side of the board, the White King two squares away towards the middle, and a Rook or a Queen on any safe square on the same side of the board as the King will give CHECKMATE. In the first diagram the White Queen checks the Black King while the White King, two squares away, stops the Black King from escaping to b7, c7 or d7. If you move the Black King to d8 it's still CHECKMATE: the Queen stops the Black King moving to e7. But if you move the Black King to b8 is that CHECKMATE? No: the King can escape to a7. We call this sort of CHECKMATE the GUILLOTINE. The Queen comes down like a knife to chop off the Black King's head.

But there's another sort of CHECKMATE that you can do with a King and Queen. We call this one the KISS OF DEATH. Put the Black King on the side of the board, the White Queen on the next square towards the middle and the White King where it defends the Queen and you get something like our next diagram. The White Queen KISSES the Black King while the White King holds her hand. But it's a POISONED KISS so the Black King dies. Move the White King to b6 or d6 and it's still CHECKMATE. But move the White Queen to d7 and the Black King can go to b8. Or move the White Queen to b7 and the Black King can go to d8. Now move the White Queen to b7 and the Black King to a8, with the White King still on c6. Is this CHECKMATE? Yes: it is. The King is trapped in the corner. Now go back to the diagram and move the White King back to c5. Is this CHECKMATE? Certainly not: the Black King can take the Queen. The Queen must have somebody to hold her hand before she can deliver the KISS OF DEATH.

The position on your right, with Black to move is not checkmate but STALEMATE - a draw. You should be able to work out for yourself that the Black King is not in check but has no moves. Move the White King to d6, e6, e7 or e8 and what happens? It's still STALEMATE!

The next diagram is another STALEMATE position with Black to move. Here the White King could be anywhere on the board: it would still be STALEMATE!

On your right you see another KISS OF DEATH. This time it's the White Rook who holds the Queen's hand. Move the Rook from g7 to b2 and it's still CHECKMATE. Move the Queen from g2 to g1 and the King can go to h3. Put the Queen on g3 and the King can go to h1. Put the Queen back on g2, take the Rook off the board and replace it with a White Bishop on b7 and again it's a KISS OF DEATH, with the Bishop holding the Queen's hand.

Next, another Queen and Bishop CHECKMATE - rather a neat one. The Bishop on g3 checks the Black King and also stops him moving to f2. The White Queen controls all the other squares: d1, d2, e2 and f1. Again, make sure you agree that it's mate before moving on.

Now to look at some CHECKMATES using a Knight, starting with the position on your right.

Surprise, surprise! It's the KISS OF DEATH again. This time the Knight holds the Queen's hand as she delivers the POISONED KISS.

A Rook and Knight can CHECKMATE a king in the corner, as shown in our next example. The Knight is two squares diagonally away from the corner and the Rook is on the next square to the King. With the Rook on g1 instead of h2 it would still be CHECKMATE. This sort of checkmate is called the ARABIAN MATE. (MATE is another word for CHECKMATE: they mean exactly the same thing.)

A Bishop and Knight need the help of their King to get CHECKMATE. On your right you see how it can be done. The Bishop controls the squares on the diagonal: g7 and h8. The Knight stops the King going to g8. And the White King stops him going to h7.

Even a pawn can help in getting CHECKMATE. Here's another KISS OF DEATH. The Pawn on d6 holds the White Queen's hand while she CHECKS the Black King.

Two Pawns can get CHECKMATE with the King's help. Here, the White Pawn on d7 says "CHECK", the Pawn on e7 stops the Black King moving sideways and, as usual, the White King stops Black CAPTURING either Pawn or moving up the board. Remember that the White Pawns are on the SEVENTH RANK, one square away from PROMOTING.

With just a King and a Pawn you can't get CHECKMATE: you have to PROMOTE the Pawn to a Queen (or Rook) to do that, but you can construct a STALEMATE. Just remove the Pawn on d7 in the last diagram and, with Black to move, it's STALEMATE.

You can also get a KISS OF DEATH with lots of pieces on the board. Sometimes the Queen is on the next square DIAGONALLY to the enemy King and his escape squares are blocked by friendly pieces. Here's an example, with the Bishop on c4 holding the Queen's hand.

And now another one, with the Knight on g5 this time holding the Queen's hand. If you learn and understand this type of position you can use this idea to win lots of games.

You can also use the idea of the GUILLOTINE with more pieces on the board. What often happens is that a Rook or Queen comes down to give CHECKMATE and the Black escape squares are blocked by Pawns. Here's an example.

Make sure you see why it's CHECKMATE. The Rook gives CHECK. Black's own Pawns stop his King escaping. He can't CAPTURE the Rook. He can't BLOCK the CHECK.

Now try moving the Black Pawn from h7 to h6. Is this CHECKMATE? Yes, it's still CHECKMATE. Black can't move his King to h7. Why not? Because he'd be in CHECK from the Bishop.

Now put the Pawn back on h7 and move the Pawn from g7 to g6. Is it CHECKMATE this time? No, it's not. The Black King can escape to g7.

Going back to the diagram position, of course if White had a Queen instead of a Rook it would be just as good.

Finally, you remember the CHECKMATE with two Rooks. Here it is again, this time on the side of the board. We call this CHECKMATE the FIRING SQUAD. The White Rook on a7 shoots the Black King. he cannot escape onto the b-FILE because there he'll be shot by the Rook on b8. Can Black BLOCK the CHECK or CAPTURE the Rook on a7? No, so it's CHECKMATE.